Network+ Chapter 2B Power Words - Defined

Chapter 2B - Network Models

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1. Network Interface Layer -  commonly referred to as the data link layer, is the physical interface between the host system and the network hardware
2. Network Layer - the third level of the Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI Model) and the layer that provides data routing paths for network communication
3. Network Protocol -  a set of rules followed by the network
4. Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model - conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology
5. Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) - a 24-bit number that uniquely identifies a vendor, manufacturer, or other organization
6. packet - a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network
7. payload - the part of transmitted data that is the actual intended message
8. physical address - a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a particular storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory mapped I/O device
9. 9. Physical Layer - layer 1 is the first and lowest layer. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip
10. Presentation Layer -  layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes called the syntax layer
11. protocol - , a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices, such as computers
12. router - a device that forwards data packets along networks
13. segment - refers to the parts into which any object is or may be divided.
14. Session Layer -  layer 5, provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue
15. session software - the total period of time devoted to an activity. In computer systems, a user session begins when a user logs in to or accesses a particular computer, network, or software service
16. subnet -  a logical subdivision of an IP network.
17. switch - a device in a computer network that connects other devices together.
18. TCP segment - consists of data bytes to be sent and a header that is added to the data by TCP can range from 20-60 bytes.
19. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) -  a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation through which application programs can exchange data
20. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model – consist of the application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer and physical layer.
21. Transport Layer -  responsible for end-to-end communication over a network
22. UDP datagram - one of the core members of the Internet protocol suite
23. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) -  A pair of wires that are twisted around each other to minimize interference
24. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - n alternative communications protocol to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily for establishing low-latency and loss-tolerating connections between applications on the internet